Tentang Quoted Speech dan Reported Speech

Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang Quoted Speech  Reported Speech (kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung).

Quoted Speech sifatnya aktif, sedangkan Reported Speech Pasif.

Contoh:

Quoted Speech (EXACT)	Reported Speech (Not EXACT)
Joshua said, "I love eating chocolate ice cream after dinner."	Joshua said that he loved eating chocolate ice cream after dinner.

 

How are quoted speech and reported speech different?  There are 5 things that are different:

1. Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does not use quotation marks.

2. In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.  For example, in the above sentence with quoted speech the pronoun I is used, whereas the sentence with reported speech uses the pronoun he.

3. In reported speech, the word that is often used after said, but that is optional.

4. Quoted speech is exactly what the person said. 

5. The verb in reported speech is changed to the past; some modal verbs do not change.  There are rules to follow when changing the verb.  Please see the chart below.

 

Contoh:

Quoted Speech (EXACT)	Reported Speech (NOT EXACT)	Note
Jordan said, "I cook rice every day."	Jordan said that she cooked rice every day.
Jordan said, "I am cooking rice."	Jordan said that she was cooking rice.
Jordan said, "I cooked rice."	Jordan said that she had cooked rice.	The past tenses all use had + past participle.  To see a list of irregular past participles, click here.
Jordan said, "I have cooked rice."	Jordan said that she had cooked rice.	The past tenses all use had + past participle.  To see a list of irregular past participles, click here.
Jordan said, "I had cooked rice."	Jordan said that she had cooked rice.	The past tenses all use had + past participle.  To see a list of irregular past participles, click here.
Jordan said, "I will cook rice."	Jordan said that she would cook rice.
Jordan said, "I am going to cook rice."	Jordan said that she was going to cook rice.
Jordan said, "I can cook rice."	Jordan said that she could cook rice.
Jordan said, "I may cook rice."	Jordan said that she might cook rice.
Jordan said, "I must cook rice."	Jordan said that she had to cook rice.
Jordan said, "I have to cook rice."	Jordan said that she had to cook rice.
Jordan said, "I should cook rice."	Jordan said that she should cook rice.	These modals do not change when used in reported speech.
Jordan said, "I might cook rice."	Jordan said that she might cook rice.
Jordan says, "I cook rice every day."	Jordan says that she cooks rice every day."	When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech.
Jordan has said, "I cook rice every day.	Jordan has said that she cooks rice every day."	When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech.
Jordan said, "Cook rice."	Jordan told me to cook rice.
Jordan will say, "I cook rice every day."	Jordan will say that she cooks rice every day."	When you use the words say, has said, or will say (not said), the verb tense remains the same for both the quoted speech and reported speech.

 

Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kata yang di cetak tebal dan garis bawah.